Finally, in January 1942, Stutthof became a regular concentration camp. The Stutthof concentration camp is less well known than the camps at Auschwitz, Buchenwald or Dachau. The Stutthof trials were a series of war crime tribunals held in postwar Poland for the prosecution of Stutthof concentration camp staff and officials, responsible for the murder of up to 85,000 prisoners during the occupation of Poland by Nazi Germany in World War II. She committed suicide in 1967. How does climate change affect El Nino and La Nina cycles? Established on September 2, 1939, Stutthof was the first concentration camp outside German borders during World War II. Procesy", "KARA MIERCI W GDASKU 19451987 Encyklopedia Gdaska". She was sentenced to death, alongside Bormann and Grese, after being found guilty of crimes against humanity. "You didn't know if the officers were acting on orders, or if they did it on their breaks," he said. Set up immediately upon Germanys September 1, 1939 invasion of Poland and not liberated until after official German capitulation in 1945, Stutthoff handled over 100,000 prisoners during its long service. Even then, she continued kicking me, then walked away and left me there.. In a 2017 book, Holocaust survivor Lina Haag claimed Lichtenberg prisoners were stripped naked and tied to wooden posts, where Maria Mandl would then beat us mercilessly until she could no longer lift her arm., Mandl looked for women who had broken the rules by curling their hair and even one single curl would mean a woman was kicked to the ground and beaten around the head, or she would shave their head and parade them around the camp with a sign around their neck that read: I broke the rules and curled my hair.. [3] Most of the infrastructure of the concentration camp was either destroyed or dismantled shortly after the war. Former Nazi death camp secretary, 96, found after going 'on the run' Not to be confused with, Location of the former Stutthof concentration camp in Poland, The execution of the SS overseers of the Stutthof concentration camp: Becker, Klaff, Steinhoff, and Pauls on 4 July 1946, with priest, Camps, ghettos, execution sites and attacks, Perpetrators, participants, organizations, and collaborators, Resistance, victims, documentation and technical, M. Tomkiewicz, P. Semkw: Profesor Rudolf Maria Spanner naukowiec czy eksperymentator? That same summer, Irmgard Furchner had begun working in the camp commander's headquarters as a shorthand typist. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. They were publicly hanged before a large crowd, estimated at several thousand, at 5.00 p.m. on July 4th, 1946 at Biskupia Gorka hill near Danzig. The first trial was held from 25 April to 31 May 1946, against 30 ex-officials and prisoner-guards of the camp. Dave with an atitude like that you should be #12. As the Nazis consolidated their power in the 1930s, many younger people like Barkmann became enthralled by the Fuhrer and joined the Hitler Youth and other equivalents. [33] In February 2019 the trial of a defendant matching this description (whom Reuters reported could not be named for legal reasons) was halted after a medical report was issued stating that the defendant was unfit to stand trial, the trial already having been suspended since the previous December. It comprised eight barracks for the inmates and a "Kommandantur" for the SS guards, totaling 120,000 square metres (1,300,000sqft). When the guilty verdict came in, she declared, Life is indeed a pleasure, and pleasures are usually short.. The second trial was held from October 8, 1947, to October 31, 1947, before a Polish Special Criminal Court. She also personally selected women and children for the gas chambers, on one occasion, in 1944, sending 3,000 to their death. SVIZZERA-LOTTO www. In total, of the approximately 2,000 SS men and women who ran the entire camp complex, 72 SS officers and six female overseers were brought to justice. [10], In November 2018, Johann Rehbogen from Borken was tried in court for serving at Stutthof camp from June 1942 to September 1944. Rising to the rank of supervisor at 19, she also worked at Auschwitz and Belsen, where she was arrested by British forces in 1945. 1570: Aonio Paleario, Italian religious reformer 1947: Ding Mocun, not as hot a lay in real life. The first prisoners arrived in the camp on September 2nd. Such marches became common, as the Nazis sought to erase evidence of their crimes, and many of the detainees were killed as the war neared its end. Stutthof Concentration Camp http://www.HolocaustResearchProject.org It was in 1943 that Stutthof's population of detainees was dramatically enlarged, from a capacity of 4,000 to 25,000. The commandant of the Stutthof and Neuengamme concentration camps SS-Sturmbannfhrer Max Pauly was sentenced to death in Germany at about the same time. had worked as a secretary at the Stutthof concentration camp was charged with . Stutthof was the first concentration camp the Nazis ever built outside of Germany's borders. On this date in 1946, officials of Soviet-occupied Poland publicly hanged eleven convicted war criminals of the Stutthof concentration camp. Campo de Concentracion Stutthof, Polonia (Concentration Camp Stutthof, Poland). At a hill in Gdansk known as Biskupia Gorka (Bishop Hill), upon a specially-erected row of four T-shaped double gallows centered around a pi-shaped triple gallows, and before a crowd of thousands, the doomed eleven were noosed on the back of military trucks which then drove away to leave them strangling to death with a short drop hanging. Many drowned along the way. RIDING through the grounds of Buchenwald concentration camp in Germany, Ilse Koch spotted a tattooed prisoner and pointed him out to a nearby guard - sealing his gruesome fate. Contribute to chinapedia/wikipedia.en development by creating an account on GitHub. . The evacuation of prisoners from the Stutthof camp system in northern Poland began in January 1945. National Socialism was RIGHT and we will return and we will remember things like this, so lowlife like you had better beware. It has been estimated that around half of the evacuated prisoners, over 25,000, died during the evacuation from Stutthof and its subcamps. "You did not seek a way out," the judge said. Germany: Ex-Nazi camp guard dies, ending case against him S tutthof is 34 km from Danzig and was the first concentration camp created by the Nazis outside of the country of Germany (September 2nd. German Earth and Stone Works (DEST) was an SS-owned company founded on 29 April 1938 for the exploitation of prisoner labor in the concentration camps for the . Concentration camp guard, 93, given suspended sentence in German case - CBC It was also the final camp liberated by the Allies in May 1945. Asia Shindelman said many prisoners had to walk hundreds of kilometres with little clothing for the cold weather. Mobile gas wagons were also used to complement the maximum capacity of the gas chamber (150 people per execution) when needed. One prominent inmate and survivor of the Stutthof concentration camp was member of parliament for the Communist Party of Denmark Martin Nielsen, who detailed his deportation to, experience in and ensuing death march from the camp in his book Rapport fra Stutthof ('Report from Stutthof'). The JUSTIFIED Executions Of The Guards Of Stutthof Concentration Camp She was 36. [3], The camp was established in connection with the ethnic cleansing project that included the liquidation of Polish elites (members of the intelligentsia, religious and political leaders) in the Danzig area and Western Prussia.[1]. Jenny-Wanda Barkmann - Liberation Route Europe During the Second World War, there were a huge network of concentration camps established by the Third Reich. [2], Nine SS men and the Kapo Nikolaysen were executed on October 28, 1948:[4], The third trial was held from November 5, 1947, to November 10, 1947, before a Polish Special Criminal Court. Millions of people suffered and died or were killed. In November 1941, it became a "labor education" camp (like Dachau), administered by the German Security Police. Do you know this baby? In 1944, as forced labor by concentration camp prisoners became increasingly important in armaments production, a Focke-Wulff airplane factory was constructed at Stutthof. Female guards of the Stutthof Concentration Camp at a Gdask war trial held before the Special Law Court between 25th April and 31st May of 1946, Poland. Former farmworker Irma Grese had wanted to become a nurse but, at 17, the labour exchange sent her to work at Ravensbrck concentration camp - which held 132,000 women throughout the war. Thanks, Max the link is fixed in the entry now as well. German Court Sentences Ex-Concentration Camp Secretary to Probation Irmgard Furchner, who was in her late teens when she worked in the Stutthof camp, was convicted as the authorities make a. [2], During the first trial held at Gdask from April 25, 1946, to May 31, 1946, the joint Soviet/Polish Special Criminal Court tried and convicted of crimes against humanity a group of thirteen ex-officials and overseers of the Stutthof concentration camp in Sztutowo and its Bromberg-Ost subcamp for women located in the city of Bydgoszcz. Stutthof was a Nazi concentration camp established by Nazi Germany in a secluded, marshy, and wooded area near the village of Stutthof (now Sztutowo) 34 km (21 mi) east of the city of Danzig in the territory of the German-annexed Free City of Danzig.The camp was set up around existing structures after the invasion of Poland in World War II and initially used for the imprisonment of Polish . Any woman, even without work experience, could become a concentration camp guard. Wegerer told the trial that in 1941, a lampshade made of tanned, tattooed human skin was being prepared for Koch and that she arrived at the infirmary to choose among the available tanned, parchment-thin human skins, the ones with suitable tattoos, for the lampshade.. Originally, Stutthof was a civilian internment camp[6] under the Danzig police chief, before its subsequent massive expansion. The second trial was held from 8 October to 31 October 1947, before a Polish Special Criminal Court. Efraim Zuroff is the Center's "Nazi Hunter-in-Chief." He defended the need to prosecute such crimes more than seventy years after the event, saying "The passage of time in no way . She is accused of having assisted those responsible at the camp in the systematic killing of Jewish prisoners, Polish partisans and Soviet Russian prisoners of war between June 1943 and April 1945. [12] On February 25, 2019, it was announced that the trial is unlikely to be restarted due to the poor health conditions of the defendant. One camp which was established in Poland was Stutthof Concentration Camp, and throughout its time in operation around 65,000 people died at the camp. Stutthof camp: Woman, 95, accused of aiding Nazi mass murder [40] On 20 December 2022 Furchner, then 97, was convicted of being an accessory to murder of more than 10,000 people at Stutthof concentration camp during World War II. Many prisoners died in typhus epidemics that swept the camp in the winter of 1942 and again in 1944. Six Polish prisoners, known as kapos, who oversaw forced labor within the camp. Landmark trial Bruno D. came to the. In late April 1945, the remaining prisoners were removed from Stutthof by sea, since Stutthof was completely encircled by Soviet forces. At her 1945 trial, survivor Dora Silverberg testified that Juana knocked her teeth out when she reported that her friend was very sick and couldnt walk to the working site because she was so weak. The Soviet/Polish Special Criminal Court found all of them guilty of the charges. The Stutthof concentration camp, like every Nazi concentration camp, was an institution for torturing, humiliating and murdering people, a death machine. A former SS guard at a concentration camp, charged with aiding and abetting hundreds of murders, is standing trial in Mnster's district court. About 3,700 out of the 55,000 guards in the camps were women. The death sentences were carried out on July 4, 1946 at the Biskupia Grka in Gdask, by short-drop hanging.[3]. [7], In late April 1945, the remaining prisoners were removed from Stutthof by sea, since the camp was completely encircled by Soviet forces. 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The execution of guards of the Stutthof concentration camp on 4 July All opinions and comments and dialogue should discuss the video above in a historical manner.TheUntoldPast does not accept any racism, profanity, insults, sexism or any negative discussion aimed at an individual. Finally, in January 1942, Stutthof became a regular concentration camp. a 97-year-old former Nazi camp secretary was found guilty of complicity in the murder of more than 10,000 people at the Stutthof concentration camp located in occupied Poland. Located 22 miles east of Danzig, Stutthof became a regular concentration camp in January 1942. A report by the Seventh Army, written by Lieutenant Colonel Walter J. Fellenz, mentions a total of 17 guards killed. Jenny-Wanda Barkmann | Military Wiki | Fandom The camp is east of modern-day Gdansk and a short walk from the sea. All were found guilty and eleven were sentenced to death, including the Commandant Johann Pauls. Former SS guard stands trial on murder accessory charges, Germany: 92-year-old former SS guard to face trial, Former Nazi concentration camp guard on trial in Hamburg, UN states finally strike deal to protect high seas. Several lesser known trials followed against the staff of various concentration camps. Your email address will not be published. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. The Stutthof concentration camp was the first to be established by the Nazi regime outside Germany's borders, and one of the last to be liberated. Between 25th April and 31th May before the Special Law Court at Danzig a trial was held against guards of the Stutthof Concentration Camp The accused were : 1. While I was standing, she kicked me in my back, causing me to fall. A crematorium and gas chamber[9] were added in 1943, just in time to start mass executions when Stutthof was included in the "Final Solution" in June 1944. It is totally illegal, hanging has to be done in a certain way and this was certainly not. Arraigned 24 ex-officials and guards of the Stutthof concentration camp were judged and found guilty. Many prisoners worked in SS-owned businesses such as DAW (Deutsche Ausrstungswerke, literally the 'German Equipment Works'), the heavily guarded armaments factory located inside the camp next to prisoner barracks. [23][22], Polish historians and employees at the IPN; Monika Tomkiewicz and Piotr Semkw, reached similar conclusions. [37] On 23 July 2020, he was given a two-year suspended sentence by the court in Hamburg. Marching in severe winter conditions and treated brutally by SS guards, thousands died during the march. However, he was tried in a juvenile court due to being about 17 at that time. Erected in 1939, it saw two horrific epidemics of typhus kill thousands of its already dying population in 1942 and 1944. In mid-1950s, a number of Nazi concentration camp commandants were sentenced to jail for supervising the murder of Jewish prisoners in gas chambers between 19421944, including Otto Knott[pl], Otto Haupt[pl] and Bernard Ldtke[pl]. Former SS guard, 94, weeps at testimony of Holocaust survivors There was no evidence to link him to specific killings, and though he admitted to serving at the camp, he said that he was unaware that people were being murdered there. As the war ended, Jenny Barkmann attempted to evade the Red Army under a false name in the besieged city of Gdansk. The third trial was held from 5 November to 10 November 1947, before a Polish Special Criminal Court. He was found guilty and sentenced to death with 11 other defendants. At the subsequent trial, liberated prisoners said Grese - dubbed the Beautiful Beast - tortured prisoners both physically and emotionally and enjoyed shooting prisoners in cold blood. Hitler's Enablers - Part Two - The Camps - Stew Ross Discovers Over 4,000 were sent by small boat to Germany, some to the Neuengamme concentration camp near Hamburg, and some to camps along the Baltic coast. Follow me on Twitter: https://twitter.com/theuntoldpastFollow me on Instagram: www.instagram.com/theuntoldpastDisclaimer: All opinions and comment stated below in the Comments section do not represent the opinion of TheUntoldPast. Eventually, the Stutthof camp system became a vast network of forced-labor camps; 105 Stutthof subcamps were established throughout northern and central German-occupied Poland. After evading capture for a few months, she was recognized and arrested in May 1945. Read about our approach to external linking. The land was very wet, almost at sea level. Known, chillingly, as the woman with the dogs, Juana Bormann used trained dogs in sadistic attacks on inmates at Ravensbruck and later Auschwitz, where she served under Irma Grese. [14], Stutthof's registered inmates included citizens of 28 countries, and besides Jews and Poles Germans, Czechs, Dutch, Belgians, French, Norwegians, Finns, Danes, Lithuanians, Latvians, Belarusians, Russians, Croats and others. Stutthof. The perpetrators used these locations for a range of purposes, including forced labor, detention of people deemed to be "enemies of the state," and mass murder. About 5,000 prisoners from Stutthof subcamps were marched to the Baltic Sea coast, forced into the water, and machine gunned. German abortion clinics targeted by US-style protests, Belgian court paves way for Iran prisoner swap treaty, Palestinians in occupied West Bank live with uncertainty, Thousands of migrants have died in South Texas, Nazi guard testifies about Stutthof concentration camp, Poland moves to make it illegal to say 'Polish death camps', Germany's Nazi past still haunts the country today. The Best Medical History Books Everyone Should Rea, The Lovers of Valdaro A Double Burial From Neolithic Italy. Luxury Car Tours. Headsman, you ought to investigate this nutter above who is issuing death threats on your site. Barkmann, Paradies, Becker, Klaff, Steinhoff (left to right) executed Jenny-Wanda Barkmann (c.1922 - July 4, 1946) was a Nazi concentration camp guard. In December, a 97-year-old former Nazi camp secretary was found guilty of being complicit in the murder of over 10,000 people at the Stutthof concentration camp that was located in occupied Poland. She then ordered her dog, known as the big, bad, wolfhound to attack the sick girl, who was sitting on the ground, She later died from the bites. Who is Rod Ponton and why has he gone viral? The infamous main entrance to Stutthof became known as the Death Gate, Irmgard Furchner was given a two-year suspended jail term for complicity in murder, Zigi Shipper and Manfred Goldberg came from different countries but were able to communicate in Yiddish, Nazi typist guilty of complicity in 10,500 murders, Harry: I always felt different to rest of family, Chris Rock jokes about Oscars slap in Netflix show, Everything Everywhere wins big ahead of Oscars, PM to end asylum claims from small boat arrivals, US-made cheese can be called 'gruyere' - court, Mbappe breaks PSG goal record in win over Nantes. Twelve were sentenced to death, including the commander of the guards Johann Pauls, while the remainder were sentenced to various terms of imprisonment. [4], Stutthof was the first German concentration camp set up outside German borders in World WarII, in operation from 2 September 1939. [2], In 1953 the court in Gdask tried SS-man Bielawa (SS Rottenfhrer Paul Bielawa, a prisoner guard from the 3rd company in Stutthof between 194145)[1] and sentenced him to twelve years. Why Did Ancient Egyptian Men Wear Makeup? [1], The original camp (known as the old camp) was surrounded by the barbed-wire fence. Naukowiec w III Rzeszy [Professor Rudolf Spanner 1895-1960: A Scientist in the Third Reich], Piotr Semkw", Soap from Human Fat: The Case of Professor Spanner, "The Danzig Soap Case: Facts and Legends around "Professor Spanner" and the Danzig Anatomic Institute 1944-1945", "Zakoczono ledztwo w gonej "sprawie profesora Spannera", "Human Fat Was Used to Produce Soap in Gdansk during the War", "Stutthof (Sztutowo): Full Listing of Camps, Poland", "Holocaust trial: Germany tries former SS guard at Stutthof camp", "Johann Rehbogen: Former SS guard, 94, on trial over deaths at Stutthof concentration camp", "German court stops trial of former death-camp guard", "German court: Trial of Nazi guard unlikely to be restarted", "Former Nazi camp guard to go on trial in Hamburg", "Nazi concentration camp guard convicted over 5,232 murders", "96-Year-Old Former Nazi Death Camp Secretary Goes on Trial Over Murders of 11,000 People - October 20, 2021", "German Court to Try 96-Year-Old Over Time at Nazi Concentration Camp", "German Court Convicts 97-Year-Old Ex-Secretary At Nazi Camp - December 20, 2022", "Poland asked to explain naked Nazi gas chamber video", "Outrage Over Naked Game of Tag Played in Nazi Gas Chamber", "Outrage Over Museum's Video-Art Display of a Nude Game of Tag in Gas Chamber", Stutthof National Museum. In September 1942, Bothe became the SS Aufseherin camp guard at the Nazi German Ravensbrck concentration camp for women. Camp's Commandant Johann Pauls - death by hanging 2. Stutthof Concentration Camp (Poland) - JewishGen Medycyna na usugach systemu eksterminacji ludnoci w Trzeciej Rzeszy i na terenach okupowanej Polski. Gassing with Zyklon B gas began in June 1944. The camp in Nazi-occupied Poland was opened on September 2, 1939, one day after the German . Initially, in Auschwitz, the camp numbers were sewn on the clothes; with the increased death rate, it became difficult to identify corpses, since clothes were removed from corpses.Therefore, the medical personnel started to write the numbers . She died in 2000. (17.10.2019). In 1945, she was captured by the American forces after attempting to flee to Bavaria.