This expression is now come to be known as Frawley's Paradox'. He clarifies that 'it was by no means did the Portuguese enjoy a monopoly. Look at us - we are up to our necks into the Caste System, and our own government takes the advantage of the divided society. The most traditional dress for Dravidian men is the lungi, or the more formal dhoti, called veshti in Tamil, panche in Kannada and Telugu, and mundu in Malayalam. But, now, the termite infested cupboard was falling apart. [103] The king was 'the representative of God on earth' and lived in a "koyil", which means the "residence of a god". Thus, today, Aztec, Inca and Mayan civilizations are in name only. Due to the complexity of draping the sari, younger girls start with a skirt called a pavada. Weech (History of the World) opines that 'the **** type ssems early to have passed from Africa to South India', where as Bouquet (Comparative Religion) has not ruled out 'sea-borne invasion'. At the time of Lord Macaulay's address to the British Parliament in 1835, the population of India was around 200 million (Times Almanac - 182 million in the year 1804). Horses - Impressions upon thousands of SEALS have been found. The Dravidian peoples, or Dravidians, are an ethnolinguistic and cultural group living in South Asia who predominantly speak any of the Dravidian languages. of Education, to accept a major change, such as calling 'Aryan invasion' a migration into India. There probably always existed linkages among the people living in various parts of the world. To-day, the population of India has reached a billion mark. [56] Gallego Romero notes that Indians who are lactose-tolerant show a genetic pattern regarding this tolerance which is "characteristic of the common European mutation". The third century BCE onwards saw the development of large Dravidian empires like Chera, Chola, Pandyan, Chutu, Rashtrakuta, Vijayanagara, Pallava, Chalukya, Hoysala, Kingdom of Mysore and smaller kingdoms like Ay, Alupa, Western Ganga, Eastern Ganga, Kadamba, Kalabhra, Andhra Ikshvaku, Vishnukundina, Western Chalukya, Eastern Chalukya, Sena, Kakatiya, Reddy, Mysore, Jaffna, Travancore, Venad, Cochin, Cannanore, Calicut and the Nayakas. In the process of simplifying the system, the latter three suffixes have come to be used as common plural for both human and nonhuman nouns. In the Buddhist Jataka story known as Akiti Jataka there is a mention to Damila-rattha (Tamil dynasty). If one rejects the term Aryan, one should better speak only of Tamilian, not Dravidian. The white race that entered India was called Aryan, because they came via Iran. Thus, my arya friends, you are not only the provider of zero-based decimal system, but also, the alphabets of the world. (2019), early Dravidians formed as a mixture of Ancient Ancestral South Indians ("AASI" indigenous South Asian hunter-gatherers distan Aryan vs. Dravidian - Compare Side by Side | reComparison TNN / Sep 25, 2009, 01:16 IST. These people are supposed to have come to India from the trans-Himalayan regions through the river valleys. The gender-number-person categories of the subject phrase in a sentence are reflected as the final constituent of certain finite verbs, as demonstrated by Tamil avan1 va-nt-n2 (literally he1 come-past-person2) he1 came2. Malayalam has lost this agreement feature in finite verbs. The present Dravidians, also composed of similar genetic origin-from Indigenous Indian Hunter Gatherers and Neolithic west Asian farmer-gatherers from Ancient Iran, while present-day Dravidian speakers also carry a small portion of steppe pastoralist and additional to the AASI (first populants of the Indian subcontinent) ancestry.[24][25][26]. Mary Stanton & Albert Hyma in Streams of Civilization (1976) - They were nomads, lived of the meat of their herds and what loot they could gather from pillaged and conquered cities. You probably have umpteen nice things in you. The Portuguese already had a foot-hold in Goa, the Capital of their Eastern Empire. Thus, the blue-eyed people of Major Yeats-Brown, turned into groups of different blood, all speaking a common tongue, the Mother of all Indo-European languages. Web-Dravidians are not very well-versed in Hindi. The word 'Dravid" implies to a person who is the knower(drasta) of knowledge (Vidya), or a person from whom the knowledge flows. Theatre-dance traditions have a long and varied history whose origins can be traced back almost two millennia to dance-theatre forms like Kotukotti, Kaapaalam and Pandarangam, which are mentioned in an ancient anthology of poems entitled the Kaliththokai. Moorjani et al. The movements of the people have been taking place in the distant past, e.g. The mounds of earth, that covered bones and skeletons of the indigenous, now unearthed highly developed cities with all the facilities for the residents. "[7] Krishnamurti further states that South Dravidian I (including pre-Tamil) and South Dravidian II (including pre-Telugu) split around the eleventh century BCE, with the other major branches splitting off at around the same time. This indicates there has been no mix of foreign and local DNA. Srinivasa What do the historians say about the ancestors of the Aryans? The stature is usually short or below medium. One cannot have a better example of the historicity of the event that occurred few years after, as well as the scientific knowledge to be able to forecast an event with such accuracy. WebDravidian and Indo-Aryan (Indo-Iranian) are language groups, not clans or cultures. Honestly, there was never really any tribe with the name Aryan. Following are names of Rigvedic tribes: Alina tribe Alina people - Wikipedia [ ht Has the British rule anything to do with the creation of Aryans and Dravidians? Ignorant or Good Vs. The historians treated Persia as one of the transit points to India. WebThe features of the people of this race are a broad head? Or were they all dark-skinned people? The only matter, these historians are sure of, is that they belong to their race. As we know, the God was concerned about the intentions of the humans, now gave them different speeches, made them quarrel with each other, and The Great Dispersion took place in 2000BC. [122] The theatrical culture flourished during the early Sangam age. Wouldn't you say that the Indians are a mix of white, black, red and yellow! Dravidians are in fact the original inhabitants of India, the Aryans were Pastoral Herders from Kazakhstan and Siberia [code ](Andronovo culture)[/ The reconstruction for 9, however, has some problems. It is the truth, when the praise comes from an enemy. He looked at the sound system of South Arabic and Old Aramaic age-wise, compared with the Indus script, and bingo, Dr Rao managed to decipher the Indus Script, and the outcome has been accepted, among others, by the University of California, Berkeley, in 1986. QUESTION : What are the differences between Aryans and Dravidians? The centuries were awaiting the arrival of Lords Buddha and Mahavir, however missing Lord Krishna. [89] According to Zvelebil, "several scholars have demonstrated that pre-Indo-Aryan and pre-Dravidian bilingualism in India provided conditions for the far-reaching influence of Dravidian on the Indo-Aryan tongues in the spheres of phonology, syntax and vocabulary. It has a Priestly Decree, issued in 197 BC, inscribed in three scripts in two languages, one Greek and two Egyptian scripts. The river had dried up around 1800 BC, where as it was in its full glory as far back as 3000 BC and earlier. The historians correctly worked out the qualities of character of their fore-fathers had. Distribution of subgroups of Dravidian languages: Derenko: "The spread of these new technologies has been associated with the dispersal of Dravidian and Indo-European languages in southern Asia. What interests do the people of India have, to continue with the British policy after the Independence? The melting of the ice created lakes and filled the rivers, in turn, the water was emptied in the sea, raising the sea level. The classic case is where Mc Neill (A World History - 1967) states that 'the war-like invaders destroyed the Indus cities around 1500 BC, inaugurated a dark and barbarous age in India', where as, just a decade after, Hownslar and Smart (People and our World - A study of World History - 1977), states that 'Mohenjo-daro and Harappa had been abandoned by 1500 BC' and that 'they might have been destroyed by a series of floods of the Indus river'. EQUUS SIVALENSIS, South East Asian breed has 17 pairs of ribs, where as Equus Przevaalskii, Central Asian and European breed have 18 pairs of ribs. The Aryans shepherded the cattle as well as used horses to move around. Over many centuries a fusion of. Major Yeats-Brown, in his book Pageant of India, states in a literary fashion as follows : The budding was in the unknown mother-land, somewhere in the uplands of central Asia, whence these tall, blue-eyed people sallied forth in search of grazing lands. Upon returning to England, he addressed the British Parliament on February 2nd, 1835 as follows: 'I have traveled through the length and breadth of India, and I have not seen one person who is a beggar, who is a thief, such wealth I have seen in this country, such high moral values, people of such calibre, that I do not think, we would ever conquer this country, unless WE BREAK THE VERY BACKBONE OF THIS NATION, WHICH IS HER SPIRITUAL AND CULTURAL HERITAGE'. The reasons could be to retire a horse because of old age or due to some injury while serving his master. The two groups (ANI and ASI) extensively mixed in India between 4,200 and 1,900 years ago (2200 BCE 100 CE). Dravidian Influence on Indo-Aryan In the first para of the subject for comparison, it is stated that 'Aryans have mingled with the authentic Indian population, so no one can be characterized as a pure Dravidian or as a pure Aryan'. community services, construction services, building of palaces and temples and art-work, etc. (2016) discern four major ancestries in mainland India, namely ANI, ASI, Ancestral Austro-Asiatic tribals (AAA) and Ancestral Tibeto-Burman (ATB). [9], The origins of the Dravidians are a "very complex subject of research and debate". David Frawley, a historian, too, expressed his amazement at the 'changing scenario' in the following words: 'There is a vast literature without archeology or even geography (home) for the Vedic Aryans, where as, vast archeology without literature for the literate Harrappans! Thus when the Aryans the Invisibles, sorry, the Invincible, came to India, the river did not exist. The word 'caste' has Portuguese, Spanish and Italian origin - casto, casta, castus, and castaway - happen to describe divisions of the society into four main classes, followed by sub-divisions. When they get older, around the age when puberty begins, they transition to a langa voni or half-sari, which is composed of a skirt tied at the waist along with a cloth draped over a blouse. "[90], With the rise of the Kuru Kingdom a process of Sanskritization started which influenced all of India, with the populations of the north of the Indian subcontinent predominantly speaking the Indo-Aryan languages.[91]. [8] According to Krishnamurti, Proto-Dravidian may have been spoken in the Indus civilisation, suggesting a "tentative date of Proto-Dravidian around the early part of the third millennium. Some linguists explain this anomaly by arguing that Middle Indo-Aryan and New Indo-Aryan were built on a Dravidian substratum. The linguists of the world tried every possible which way to justify their assumption but failed to connect the Indus script with Dravidian origin. The Dravidian language family is one of the oldest in the world. ANI formed out of a mixture of "Indus Periphery-related groups" and migrants from the steppe, while ASI was formed out of "Indus Periphery-related groups" who moved south and mixed further with local hunter-gatherers. Thus, every European country was racing to justify that there's is the one, the provider of the Mother Tongue'. Medieval South Indian guilds and trading organisations like the "Ayyavole of Karnataka and Manigramam" played an important role in the Southeast Asia trade,[27] and the cultural Indianisation of the region. He also looked for the word 'arya' (Aryan), and possible meaning attached to it. After going trough the books thoroughly, his comments were as follows: 'As far as the Rigveda is concerned, there is not a particle of evidence suggesting the invasion of India by the Aryans from outside India'. Erdosy (1995:18) Even though the innovative traits in Indic could be explained by multiple internal explanations, early Dravidian influence is the only explanation that can account for all of the innovations at once. Khorne is quite right in stating the ethnicity of the Iranians. He collected all the possible different signs on the seals - separated them between simple signs and letters with additional signs. and Ireland in 1823, and its branches in Bombay, Ceylon, China and Malaysia, American Oriental Society in 1842, and German Oriental society in 1844. The largest Dravidian ethnic groups are the Telugus from Andhra Pradesh and Telangana, the Tamils from Tamil Nadu, Sri Lanka, Malaysia and Singapore, the Kannadigas from Karnataka, the Malayalis from Kerala, and the Tulu people from Karnataka. [104][105] Modern words for god like "k" (Tamil: "king"), "iai" ( "emperor") and "avar" ( "conqueror") now primarily refer to gods. These tribal Dravidian languages preserve more archaic forms than the literary Dravidian languages of South India. In this, they have failed miserably to locate a single European country that could provide the required qualifications - culture and language. The generally accepted concept of Aryans in India today, is that they are the ones living in northern India and Dravidians in Southern India. Every noun has an oblique stem in the singular and plural that is formed by the addition of a suffix (derived from Proto-Dravidian *i, *a, *tt, or *n or a combination of these, in addition to a zero suffix []) to which non-nominative case markers are added. This led to the loss of the original inclusive-exclusive difference (later restored through fresh innovations) and was followed by a restructuring of the pronominal system in the first person. It has always been used as an adjective in the Hindu books and scriptures. "Out of Eden' by Stephen Oppenheimer is in respect of spread of humanity many many millions of years ago, when even the earth's plates may be in different positions. Max Muller and the historians were tied up in knots with the Christian chronology. reComparison, reCompare, ComparisonEngine and the "vs" symbol are trademarks of MicroTier, Inc, Sign
Evil forces. Theres some overlap of language with culture, but on the whole, there are huge commonalities of These people were Home-less, made transit stops before entering India. Would the ancestors of these 16th, 17th century Europeans have any different characters? Revision - Guess-work needs to be discarded and correct history needs to be taught in schools. I am, perhaps, missing the point, Ben, that you are trying to make, please clarify. Perhaps, Revision as a subject should be introduced as a subject in Indian schools. People from the sub-continent have been going to far-away lands all the time, as well as the people of other lands have come to India for variety of reasons. The meaning of the word Arya is given as 'noble' in English dictionaries. The subject for discussion -Aryan vs Dravidian- has special significance for the Europeans, that is further highlighted by the last Text Book Revision conducted by the CA Educational Authority. A very interesting story about Agatsya Muni would explain the meaning of the word 'dravid'. Dravidians follow Hinduism more religiously as compared to Aryans. They had figures of humans and animals and a very short inscription of a few letters each, in an UNKNOWN script, which has been called the Indus or Harappan script. Aryan Dr Ambedkarji examined the Rigveda - supposedly the First Book of the Aryans as per Max Muller, written in 1000 BC. The Muni never returned! [14][15][16][17][18] According to Narasimhan et al. Stupid me, they were from a planet out in space! In support of the above, Spencer Wells, in his book, The Journey of Man - A Genetic Odyssey (2002), tried to establish that the source of the human gene was in Africa. Isn't this similar to Aryan Invasion Theory! Many literary works were composed in Carnatic style and it soon spread wide in the Dravidian regions. [69][70], Yuri Knorozov surmised that the symbols represent a logosyllabic script and suggested, based on computer analysis, an agglutinative Dravidian language as the most likely candidate for the underlying language. The basic forms of numerals have neuter (others) agreement; a human suffix *-war or a derivative thereof is added to numeral roots when they classify the human category. The British managed to snatch Surat from the Portuguese in 1690, and establish a trading post (English Factory) there. [67][68] The discovery in Tamil Nadu of a late Neolithic (early 2nd millennium BCE, i.e. The Dravidian languages have a decimal system. Previous literature, however, has focused largely on Demonstrative pronouns represent the gender differences best. The dilema of the historians continue. The present population is over 1000 million. The framers of the fiction of the Aryans still had some way to go. If the word 'Aryan' is related to 'arya', the meaning of Aryan would be 'a person of noble character'. This mother goddess was conceived as a virgin, one who has given birth to all and one, and were typically associated with Shaktism. In Examples include Telugu reu pustaklu two books and naluguru manuulu four people (-guru is from *-war). It was impossible to cross, however, Vindhya had great respect for the Muni, he agreed to lower its heights to allow them to cross, and further agreed that he would stay at that height to allow them to return when the task is completed. The Aryan - Dravidian Racial Divide Thus, the statement that we stated off with is not applicable to the people of South India. [112] It was customary for people who sought victory in war to worship these hero stones to bless them with victory. [107] In Dravidian-speaking South India, the concept of divine kingship led to the assumption of major roles by state and temple. It was those seals that Alexander Cunningham had found in the rubble in 1856, started to multiply in thousands in the archaeological digs that were carried out since 1922. IVC - Some historians have opined that people from OUTER SPACE have developed these advanced cities. [52] According to another study, the neolithic farmers ancestry component forms the main ancestry of modern South Asians. Thus, the geneticists went to work. Such cattle are named Zebu (Bos Indicus). The word Arya had great attraction for the Europeans, who used the word to create, one of the greatest fictional race of this world, the Aryans', with none of the arya qualities and complete illiterates with no script of there own. (Ref: Rigveda, Book ii, Hymn 41, Verses 16/17; Bk vii, 36/6; 95/1 to 6, 96/1). [66] Cultural and linguistic similarities have been cited by researchers Henry Heras, Kamil Zvelebil, Asko Parpola and Iravatham Mahadevan as being strong evidence for a proto-Dravidian origin of the ancient Indus Valley civilisation. In the last century or two, cross-breeding has taken place in the West. Should it make any difference to anyone, if there were some gene transfer amongst semitic, japhatic, hamitic and whoever Indians were? The word 'arya' was part of the words, e.g. While Pali and Prakrits were not used by Brahmins, both Pali and Prakrits were IndoAryan languages and ultimately derived from Vedic Sanskrit, which seems to have been brought by MLBA-rich people from Central Asia. Such indulgence has nothing to do with the freedom of speech nor expression of any-one. Dr Babasaheb Ambedkar was an intellectual warrior. Ghadhiji couldn't oblige, and that was a great disappointment for Ambedkarji. The origin of the Sanskrit word drvia is Tamil. Why is it that no steps have been taken to correct the history of India since Independence? There is no past record of such effort being made by world nations to study the origin of the culture and language of one occupied nation! We don't demand any better! [73] Parpola led a Finnish team in investigating the inscriptions using computer analysis. [96] Sivan was also seen as the supreme God. Nouns carry number and gender and are inflected for case (role in the sentence, such as subject, direct object, or indirect object), as are pronouns and numerals, which are subclasses of nouns. The Portuguese had their Eastern Empire whose capital was Goa. [27] Traders and religious leaders travelled to southeast Asia and played an important role in the cultural Indianisation of the region. In contrast, South Dravidian had a three-way distinction in the singular (masculine, feminine, neuter) and a two-way distinction in the plural (human, nonhuman). The French Egyptologist, Jean Francois Champollion, armed with the long inscription in three scripts, one of them being known - Greek - he managed to decipher the hieroglyphic script of Egypt. Webfour major language families of this region are Indo-Aryan, Dravidian, Munda, and Tibeto-Burman. Specifically, Hindus, Buddhists, Sikhs, Jains and Zoroastrians have a history of using the word Aryan to mean the speaker of a native language. [14][15][16][17][18] Their origins are often viewed as being connected with the Indus Valley civilisation,[10][18][19] hence people and language spread east and southwards after the demise of the Indus Valley Civilisation in the early second millennium BCE,[20][21] some propose not long before the arrival of Indo-Aryan speakers,[22] with whom they intensively interacted. Should not the history books be corrected as soon as possible? The participants being the Jews, Christians Muslims and the Hindus, it was decided, with the agreement of more than 50 well known historians, that the Aryan Invasion Theory be called the Aryan Migration Theory. One of the events mentioned in the Mahabharat is Lord Krishna's instructions to his Sarthi, to go to Dwarika to inform the citizens, of the imminent submergence of the city due to rise in sea-level. [110] In the Sangam literature, there is an elaborate description of the rites performed by the Kurava priestess in the shrine Palamutircholai. [71] Knorozov's suggestion was preceded by the work of Henry Heras, who suggested several readings of signs based on a proto-Dravidian assumption. The Europeans observed that many of the Sanskrit words had uncanny resemblance to the words in many of the European languages. The Aryan Invasion Theory (AIT) was part of the Divide & Rule Policy, which was carried out very successfully. Dravidian languages show extensive lexical (vocabulary) borrowing, but only a few traits of structural (either phonological or grammatical) borrowing from Indo-Aryan, whereas Indo-Aryan shows more structural than lexical borrowings from the Dravidian languages. Further, he proposed that, 'we replace her old and ancient education system, her culture, for if the Indians think that, if all that is foreign and English is good and greater than their own, they will loose their self-esteem, and they will become what we want them, a truly dominated nation'. The formation of the Royal Asiatic Society of Bengal took place in 1784, that was followed by Socitie Asiatique of Paris in 1822, Royal Asiatic Society of G.B. Dravidian grammatical impact on the structure and syntax of Indo-Aryan languages is considered far greater than the Indo-Aryan grammatical impact on Dravidian. The British adopted different tactics, resulted in the now famous policy of Divide and Rule. Genetics and archaeogenetics of South Asia, Non-resident Indian and Overseas Citizen of India, History and Archaeology, Volume 1, Issues 12, "200-Year Drought Doomed Indus Valley Civilization", "The formation of human populations in South and Central Asia", "A-11 Individual Scheduled Tribe Primary Census Abstract Data and its Appendix", "Global Religious Populations, 19102010", "Do you speak Telugu? The changes were made to the education system - to replace the old and ancient system of education and her culture, thus break the very backbone of this nation as Lord Macaulay predicted. South Asian Studies, 13(1), pp 8797. This proves Aryan invasion theory was wrong. [96] Early iconography of Murugan[97] and Sivan[98][99][100] and their association with native flora and fauna goes back to the Indus Valley Civilisation. To-date, as the proverb goes - Truth is one, lies are many - not a single story has turned out with any substance. [88] According to Erdosy, the most plausible explanation for the presence of Dravidian structural features in Old Indo-Aryan is that the majority of early Old Indo-Aryan speakers had a Dravidian mother tongue which they gradually abandoned. We don't know any better! There is a class of finite verbs that includes negation as part of the inflection, as in Konda vnu1 ki--en2 (literally, he1 does-negative-he2) he1 does not do2. Proto-Dravidian has a negative verb *cil to be not, which is complementary with the verbs meaning to be. This is a typical feature of the Dravidian languages. Dravidians also live in central India and other countries like Sri Lanka and Bangladesh. It is pointed out that 'the word Aryans was brutally used by Hitler during world war second to attain exclusion of Jews and other ethnicities (2nd para). [94], Chola-style temples consist almost invariably of the three following parts, arranged in differing manners, but differing in themselves only according to the age in which they were executed:[121], Besides these, a south Indian temple usually has a tank called the Kalyani or Pushkarni to be used for sacred purposes or the convenience of the priests dwellings for all the grades of the priesthood are attached to it, and other buildings for state or convenience. The most commonly spoken Dravidian languages are Telugu (), Tamil (), Kannada (), Malayalam (), Brahui (), Tulu (), Gondi and Coorg. I always thought that the historians are intellectuals who understood the saying, 'A lie repeated often, becomes the truth, and a lie altered often becomes a noose'. The Aryans had no word for brick in their language. Dravidian languages are considered to be distinct from those defined as Aryan. A third inscription in Kanheri Caves refers to a Dhamila-gharini (Tamil house-holder). Kanakadasa is another notable Carnatic musician who was Purandaradasa's contemporary. In History of the World, W N Weech follows it up. These are his exact words: 'A new and more energetic race appeared upon the horizon - Indo-European race - made itself the ruling class in the country, which is now known as British India'. [77] Yet, according to Krishnamurti, Dravidian languages may have reached south India before Indo-Aryan migrations. [127] Among some communities, young girls received preliminary training up until the onset of puberty. Divide et Impera should be the principle of the Indian government. There was always to and fro movement of people. WebAryans and Dravidians have different accents. South-Central Dravidian (except Telugu) and Brahui use the first form, *-(n)k(k)a; Central Dravidian and Tulu use the second and third forms; Telugu uses the second alone; and South Dravidian uses the third alone. He was a law-maker, the Father of the Indian Constitution. He formulated the basic structure of Carnatic music and is regarded as the Pitamaha (lit, "father" or the "grandfather") of Carnatic Music. that is " they come from south russia through iran" not "from iran", persians are a semitic people, original aryans were probabely an Ural-Altaic people since if u study the history u will see that almost every white immigration has begun from that vicinity, the mahabratara (or what ever is its name!) The Aryans had no respect for the Indian culture and treated the natives as slaves. Colonel Coke of Morodabad gave a very practical advice to the then Governor in a letter as follows: 'Our endeavor should be to uphold in full force, the separation which exists between different religions and races, not to endeavor to amalgamate them. Now the people decided to express gratitude to God, and started to build the Tower of Babel. Original Sanskrit scriptures are only found in India. [82][80][83][84], Ancient Tamil grammatical works Tolkappiyam, the ten anthologies Pattuppu, and the eight anthologies Euttokai shed light on early ancient Dravidian religion. Toda and Erukala (a dialect of Tamil) of South Dravidian and Brahui of North Dravidian have lost gender and preserved only number. It is now a general knowledge that the river did exist, supported by the scientific researches, satellite photography and carbon dating etc that have been carried out. Therefore, every person of the Aryadesh had a right to be an arya person. Dravidians are dark skinned.The Aryans living in India are enjoying the fruits of the skills and knowledge of the Indus peuple who are Dravidians. In the plural, South Dravidian languages have generalized the meaning of *aw-ar to human (men, men and women, or women), thus restricting the meaning of *aw-ay to nonhuman (nonhuman animates and things). How can we blame anyone but ourselves, for the present situation, prevailing in the Indian societies - provincialism, caste and corruption? As these tribals may have moved away from the concerned places thousands of years earlier or may have been Hinduised by adopting HIndu religion and names, the phenomenon is barely understood today. One day,working in the vineyard, he got very tired, had a few wine drinks, went to his tent and slept, naked.